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jasmine flower cultivation

Jasmine flowers are included in the tribe of jasmine or in the family Oleaceae. There are around 200 types of jasmine that have been identified which grow in the tropics with warm temperatures such as in the regions of Eurasia, Australasia and Oceania. This plant has been developed as an ornamental plant with its fragrance characteristics.


Of the various jasmine flowers that grow in various tropical regions of the world, several types of jasmine grow and are developed in the area of Java. Some types of jasmine include:

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  1. Jasminum sambac (white jasmine) with several varieties including Maid of Orleans, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Menur and Rose Pikeke
  2. Jasminum multiforum or Star Jasmine
  3. Jasminum officinale or melati gambi
Growing Terms

Like other plants, to be able to grow optimally, jasmine flowers need a lot of sunlight, so this plant is suitable in plants in the open, with air humidity levels 50 - 80%. The ideal temperature for the growth of this plant is between 28 - 36ºC during the day, and 24-30ºC at night. For growth media, jasmine flower plants are very suitable to be planted in latosol and andosol soil types. Latosol soil is a soil that contains a lot of iron and alluminium. This type of soil has a lower fertility rate because it is very old.

This land is also called red land. Andosol land is land originating from the slopes of volcanoes. The ideal plant medium is that contains a lot of organic material and has a good drainage system. The most ideal degree of soil acidity for growth is soil with a pH of 5-7. Jasmine plants grow well in areas with rainfall between 112-119 mm / month or with the quantity of rain for 6-9 rainy days each month.

While the climate that is suitable for its growth is climate with 2-3 dry months and 5-6 wet months. Jasmine plants will grow and have good productivity when planted in the appropriate environment. Lowlands to highlands with altitudes of 10 - 1,600 meters above sea level (asl) are ideal altitudes. However, each type of jasmine has its own ability to grow in certain elevated areas, such as white jasmine flowers (Jasminum sambac) which are ideally planted in the lowlands up to 600 m above sea level, while Star Jasmine jasmine can grow and adapt well in lowland areas up to an altitude of 1,600 m above sea level.
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Jasmine Plant Cultivation
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Cultivation of jasmine plants starts from nurseries, processing planting media, planting, maintenance and maintenance as well as controlling pests and diseases and harvesting. The following is how to properly and properly cultivate jasmine
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Nursery Section
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For seedling seedlings, plug each cuttings on the seedling media about 10 to 15 cm from the length of the stem cuttings, then cover the surface of the seedling container with clear plastic so that the air remains moist. Seeding media can use a mixture of clean soil or sand in large pot containers or polybags to reach a height of 20 to 30 cm. The bottom of the seeding container must be given small holes for excessive water disposal. For its maintenance, flush the seedlings / nurseries with clean water until wet, continuously with a frequency of 1-2 times a day.

Try cutting seedlings to get enough sunlight in the morning. If it is rooted strong enough or when it is 1 - 23 months old, move the seedlings into larger fields or media with media in the form of a mixture of soil, sand and organic fertilizer with a ratio of 1: 1: 1 Maintenance is not only done by fertilizing and watering, but care and protection of pests is also needed. Low-dose pesticides can be given starting from when the seeds are 3 months old.
 

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Planting Section

Seedlings that are ready and strong enough will be moved into the field. Land or location of planting must first be free of weeds or weeds, trees and rocks so that soil management is easy to do. The soil must be blended first by being hoeed or plowed as deep as 30-40 cm and left to dry with wind for about 15 days. After the land is ready, the beds are made with a width of 100-120 cm and 30-40 cm high with the distance between beds being around 40 - 60 cm in length which is adjusted to the length of the land.

To condition the soil in accordance with the ideal media for growing jasmine, calcification can be carried out on soils with a fairly high acidity (low pH), so that the soil pH can be increased and add elements of calcium and magnesium. Calcification can be done with calcite (CaCO3), dolomite (CaMg (CO3) 2), burnt lime (Quick lime, CaO) or lime hydrate (Slakked lime, Ca (OH) 2).

Fertilizing planting media can use manure mixed evenly with the top soil layer. Manure is put into a planting hole of 1-3 kg. The planting hole is made with a size of about 40 x 40 x 40 cm with a distance between holes 100-150 cm. Each hole is planted with one jasmine seed. To simplify and maximize growth, planting media can be prepared in the dry season or 1-2 months before the rainy season
 


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Maintenance and Maintenance Section

Treatment is done by watering and fertilizing. To optimize its growth, plants need to be watered every day, especially at the beginning of growth. Flush until the plant is wet enough. Watering is especially needed in the early stages of growth. Irrigation is carried out continuously for up to 1 month of growing jasmine plants on the land, in the morning and evening.

Fertilization can be done routinely every three months and takes precedence when doing pruning, when the plants bloom and when the plant is not healthy. The types of fertilizers that can be used include urea, TSP, and KCl with dosages adjusted to the recommended method. Fertilization can be done by submerging fertilizers in the soil with a depth of between 10-15 cm around the plants. Provision of fertilizer can increase the production of jasmine, especially when using fertilizers that are rich in phosphate (P).

Extension maintenance is also carried out to replace plants that die or grow abnormally with new seeds. The planting technique for embroidery is the same as the initial planting technique when transferring seedlings to the planting media. Embroidery should be done in less than 1 month after transferring seedlings to the planting media so that the growth of all plants can be uniformed. Avoid the weather being too hot and the temperature is too high during embroidery. Do it in the morning or evening.

Weeding of weeds and weeds must be routinely carried out, so that plants do not need to compete with weed plants to get nutrients from the soil and sunlight, so that the growth of each jasmine plant can be more maximal.
 

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How to Increase Flower Production (Flowering)

To further improve the productivity of plants, jasmine can be given fertilizer with a high phosphorus (P) content such as with Gandasil B (6-20-30) or with blue Hyponex (10-40-15) with the recommended dosage according to the written on packaging. In addition to pupu, growth stimulating substances (ZPT) are also very good for growth, especially the ZPT needed is Cycocel (Chloromiguat) to increase and maintain the appearance of jasmine flowers. For the administration, spray Cycocel with a concentration of 5,000 ppm as much as 1.45 kg per plant.

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Pest and Disease Control

Pest control can be done by biological control, by maximizing the agricultural ecosystem and by using pesticides. Biological control is carried out by inserting, maintaining or multiplying natural enemies and using selective pesticides. Control in this way avoids or reduces the use of broad spectrum pesticides. Pest control by maximizing agricultural ecosystems is carried out by using healthy seeds, conducting garden sanitation, balanced fertilization, crop rotation and using trap crops.
Some pests that attack many jasmine plants include:
  1. The official Palpita Hubn. This pest is often referred to as papita caterpillar, which attacks jasmine plants when in the form of larvae (caterpillars). Pest control can be done by cutting off parts of the affected plants and spraying insecticides such as Decis 2.5 EC or Perfekthion 400 E.
  2. Suplifascialis Hendecasis. This pest attacks the jasmine plant by brooding / punching the flower so that it fails to bloom and is infected so that it rot and become damaged. Control by using insecticides such as Desic 2.5E, Cascade 50 EC or Lannate L.
  3. Thrips sp. This pest is a pest that attacks various types of plants by sucking the liquid surface of the leaves on especially young leaves. To control it is done by reducing the diversity of host plants around the jasmine plantations. Control with insecticides can be done using Mesurol 50 WP, Pegasus 500 SC or Dicarzol 25 SP.
  4. Dialeurodes citri. This pest lives in groups and attaches to branches, twigs and shoots. Pests will suck up the fluid in the cell so that it disrupts the metabolic process of plants, especially disrupting photosynthesis. Pest control can be done by spraying insecticides such as Perfekthion 400 EC / Decis 2.5 EC.  
In addition to pests, some diseases can also attack and damage flower production in jasmine plants. The disease can be caused by fungi or parasites. Some examples of diseases that can attack jasmine plants include:
  1. Leaf blight, caused by the Rhizcotonia solani Kuhn fungus. This disease attacks the leaves which are located near the surface of the ground.
  2. Thread Blight, caused by the fungus Marasmiellus scandens Mass, which sags in parts of the plant.
  3. Flower Blight, caused by Culvularia sp, Fusarium sp, Phoma sp. This disease is characterized by rotting flowers, light brown and sometimes accompanied by the fall of flowers.
  4. Leaves, caused by the fungus Pestaloita sp, where the spots are brown to blackish will appear on the leaves.
  5. Rust leaves, caused by Cephaleuros virescens Kunze, which is a parasitic green algae. This disease mainly attacks old leaves, characterized by the appearance of reddish patches and hairiness in infected leaves.
  6. Upas mushrooms, caused by the fungus Capnodium salminicolor, which attacks the stems and branches of woody jasmine plants. This disease is marked by the black surface of the leaves with black soot.
Harvesting

To determine whether the flower can be harvested, it can be seen from several physical characteristics of the flower. One of them is marked by the size of the flower buds that are large and still bud or half bloom. Jasmine plants flower at the age of the plant 7-12 months. Harvesting can be done until the plants are 5 - 10 years old and can be done throughout the year for many times. Harvesting is done by picking flowers, preferably in the morning or evening when the sun is not too hot and the weather is not too hot. The highest yield is usually achieved in the first 1-2 weeks, then will decrease and increase again 2 months later. Every year, the flowering period of jasmine plants can last up to 3 months.

After being picked or harvested, to keep the flowers fresh and not quickly wilted, the flowers can be spread on plastic-bottomed containers and stored in cold temperatures between 0 - 5ºC.

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